00:00:00: It is half past five in the morning on June, fifth to twelve eighty-eight.

00:00:05: The air in Brauwale Abbey Church is cool and filled with a send off incense.

00:00:10: They only sound to be heard as the soft murmur of Siegfried von Westerburg, Archbishop of Cologne echoing off the walls.

00:00:18: he's hearing a final confession and celebrating a final mass.

00:00:22: silence still reigns But outside at dawn thousands of knights are already waiting with their respective retinues.

00:00:31: And in the confession he is just made, He confides to the listening priest that he has prepared To die today for the rights Of the church of Cologne.

00:00:40: In a few minutes Siegfried will give The order to set out.

00:00:43: He would call out his allies That the enemies there were Waiting like a beached whale That had strayed into the archbishopric of cologne With rich sports for him and his allies.

00:00:54: The destination after setting out?

00:00:56: Füllingen, just twelve kilometers away.

00:00:59: What begins so peacefully here will end in one of the most brutal and bloodiest battles between knights that this region has ever seen – the Battle Of Wollingen!

00:01:10: And with that welcome back to the History of Cologne.

00:01:12: a podcast about the history of the city of Cologna is over two thousand years old but until we came what it's today a colourful and which past tense.

00:01:22: it can therefore be seen as a microcosm of European history.

00:01:25: In this podcast you can listen, As the City Grows from The Romans up until our present time.

00:01:32: So, bakalaba everybody!

00:01:34: Today is finally day we are diving into one key moments that changed Cologne's History forever.

00:01:50: so here We Are at the Battle of Worringen in.

00:01:55: We are able to reconstruct the battle and its participants relatively well, but where does this information actually come from?

00:02:03: we should be aware that Jan van Helu was extremely biased in favor of his own side, namely Brabant.

00:02:32: And yet he's account remains the most important stalker source on all subjects.

00:02:37: It is only place where you learn more than just outcome.

00:02:42: How.

00:02:42: I would have loved to delve straight into this primaries Source.

00:02:47: Unfortunately I lack the time for such a thing, producing a new episode every three weeks requires making some compromises.

00:02:52: so unfortunately... ...I have only encountered him through this scholarly literature which has cast him and his verses in The Right Light And people.

00:03:01: while i'm recording this.. ..i have thirty-seven degrees In my apartment room here and im not talking about Fahrenheit Degrees but Celsius degrees.

00:03:12: So the temperature of human body is the temperature on this room.

00:03:17: We have the worst heatwave I ever experienced in Germany.

00:03:21: So, be kind but now let's get on with What was the situation on fifth June, twelve eighty-eight?

00:03:31: The Limburg War of Succession began in twelve eighty three following the childless death of touches Irmgardt off Limburg and had already been dragging on for five long years.

00:03:41: Two warring factions quickly merged.

00:03:43: The Limbourg War of succession rapidly developed into a fundamental power struggle between two hostile camps – the Brabant coalition led by Duke John I who had adopted the claims fought alongside the Counts of the Mark, of Lodz and of Jürich and shortly before battle began also alongside this city of Cologne for control over regional trade routes against the Archbishop's dominance.

00:04:09: This block was opposed by the arch-episcopal faction in which the Arch-Bishop of Cologne Siegfried von Westerburg together with Count Reinhardt of Geldern saw to defend the position of the Cologne Church and halt Brabant's drive for expansion into the lower Rhine region or towards it.

00:04:30: After five years of grueling sieges without a military resolution, their conflict escalated when the customs fortress of Voregen north of Cologne was besieged on the twenty-ninth May twelve eighty eight by troops from Brabante, Berg and this city which ultimately forced both sides into the decisive battle of Lorien on the fifth June, twelve eighty-eight.

00:04:53: Thanks to Jan van Helu we are able to trace the cause of this battle relatively well in chronological order.

00:04:59: as I already mentioned at the introduction The army of Archbishop Siegfried von Westerburg ,the house of Luxembourg and the Count of Geldern had spent a night off fourth to fiftieth june at Brauwweiler Abbey.

00:05:10: We've also discussed Brauwweller in Morditerbi.

00:05:13: four particularly Matilde A daughter We adore here on the podcast really much.

00:05:19: Huku founded The Monastery towards the end of the tenth century, if you want to listen again into it episode forty-three is a way to go.

00:05:29: Immediately Jan van Helu, the chronicler for the battle does not specify any times in his account.

00:05:34: however few clues do help us determine exact time as precisely possible.

00:05:40: we can assume that Arkbishop's mass was over by six am or six thirty am at the latest.

00:05:49: The vanguard of his army would then have set off, while Siegfried von Westerbork himself changed his clothes and donned his armour.

00:05:57: He wouldn't be carrying everything directly on this person at that stage – his shield, lance or helmet would've been transported on pack horses led alongside by him by a servant.

00:06:08: so it's fair to say.

00:06:11: The Art Bishop of Cologne was also ready to set off for Füllingen near the city of Waringen, twelve kilometers away.

00:06:18: To set-off is the right tram – fitting tram!

00:06:21: The army's travelling speed was around four to five kilometers per hour.

00:06:26: This means it would take about three hours cover distance from twelve kilometers.

00:06:31: But as thousands of horses set off that day along with their carts the road towards Füellingen were packed.

00:06:37: The knights alone due to their sheer numbers stretched for a length of nine point eight kilometers on that narrow road.

00:06:45: This meant, by the time the first troops of the Archbishop arrived in the battlefield near Warringen and took up positions there, the rearguard in Brauwoyler Abbey had not even set off yet!

00:06:56: It therefore took five hours for last night his very last foot soldier and pack horse to arrive at Warringon.

00:07:04: but then it was around eleven o'clock morning.

00:07:07: The Archbishop is confident of his victory, with three and a half thousand knights he's far more than the opposing side which feels only two point four thousand knights.

00:07:17: And since mounted warriors where there be all end-all warfare at that time, secured from Westerbrook regards victory as already granted by God himself.

00:07:26: He and his allies had previously commissioned the manufacture hundreds of iron chains and shackles in the expectation capturing a particularly large number of noble knights and extorting ransom from their families because they were going to win this battle obviously.

00:07:44: This was a perfectly normal practice at the time, but that nobleman was of no use for anyone.

00:07:49: he got no longer yielded any ransom.

00:07:51: when such massive army sets out it does not go unnoticed by the enemy as The Arkbishop's Army together with his allies from Luxembourg and Geriden was forming up.

00:08:02: They could already see in the distance in the north also present where the armed patricians from Cologne along with their servants.

00:08:13: We also know, when a camp of the Count-of-Berg and Cologne's city troops was located they were encamped in the middle of the so called Warringerbruch.

00:08:23: The warringerbroch is a marshy flat plain on the banks of the Rhine enclosed in a circle by a silted up former branch of the river.

00:08:31: Eight thousand years ago the Rhines still float here before it carved out a new course, the one we see today.

00:08:38: This provided them camp with immediate natural protection against approaching enemies.

00:08:43: The troops and allies of the Duke of Brabant meanwhile were encamped to the north from where they intended to lay siege on the archbishop's fortress.

00:08:54: For even while this battle was about take place some of Braban fighters would continue.

00:09:03: It is unimaginable that an attack from the north might come from there, striking the rear of the rest of the army in support of the Archbishop who was advancing with his army.

00:09:15: You mustn't picture their battle formation as discussed at last episode – everyone standing there in grey dark and grabby attire know.

00:09:22: the knights in particular wore polished armor for reasons of prestige but also to protect against rust!

00:09:29: That's why you polish your armour.

00:09:31: They, as well the foot soldiers wore colourful tunics in magnificent colours for fashion's sake naturally but also to distinguish friends from foe during battle.

00:09:42: These could be seen on bodies horses and shields of participants too – let us not forget all the coat-of arms of nobility!

00:09:52: Even though they gathered to slaughter one another it must have looked impressive with around six thousand colourful knights lined up here A few thousand foot soldiers as well.

00:10:05: The Archbishop of Cologne has a simple coat-of arms, black cross on white background.

00:10:11: He is particularly large flag bearing this design flying from a banner card clearly visible to all his allies and enemies alike.

00:10:20: the contingent of cologne citizen marches into battle bearing an early version cities coat of arms that we still use today.

00:10:29: The lower two thirds is just plain white and at the top there's a red bar with three golden crowns.

00:10:36: these, of course represent the relics of the free wise magi which can be viewed in the shrine within the unfinished gothic cathedral city.

00:10:46: .The eleven flames or tears of St Ursula do not yet appear on the coat-of-arms.

00:10:51: the early periods, early modern period.

00:10:58: Among people of Cologne themselves there are also a wide variety of coat-of arms.

00:11:03: The cologne patricians and families always emulating their nobility at night had meanwhile adopted their own coat of arms.

00:11:11: Take the Oberstoltzen for example.

00:11:13: the head of the family Gerhard Oberstolz leads his followers with a coat of arm featuring several yellow lines superimposed on one another resembling the battlements of a castle on red background.

00:11:27: The troops of the Count-of-Berg fight under a red line, on white backgrounds – the Duke of Brabant and his followers in turn have golden lines with black backgrounds.

00:11:37: As a child I had one of those wooden children's shields bearing the brabant coat of arms… really cool!

00:11:47: All this blender is no longer something we can quite picture, especially in a purely audio format like a podcast.

00:11:57: That's why I'd like to draw your attention to the military model of The Battle of Varian which you see at Schlossburg in Zollingen as part In the last episode.

00:12:26: we also looked at warfare in the thirteenth century and above all, that classic pitched battles familiar from films or TV series where two armies fidget other directly then kill one another were the exception.

00:12:39: And yet... That is exactly what we have here an open field battle!

00:12:44: Yes it was clear to everyone involved there's a stake but why?

00:12:49: Did both warring parties decide to seek an open direct clash after now five years of conflict?

00:12:56: The reasons are easy to identify.

00:12:58: This conflict, as I said had already been raging for half a decade.

00:13:03: Count Reinhardt of Geldern fighting on the archbishop's side even sold his claims through the Duchy of Limburg and Luxembourg in twelve eighty-eight as he simply could no longer fought this conflict financially!

00:13:14: With the noble house of Luxembourg, a new virtually rested opponent entered the fray in twelve eighty eight.

00:13:21: Duke Charles Brabant and his allies were therefore seeking a swift resolution now before the whole affair dragged on any longer or drove them like Geldan into ruin.

00:13:31: The Luxenburgers did the same seeing themselves at an advantage as guests who had only joined party very late.

00:13:39: Then there was the Duchy of Limburg itself.

00:13:42: We are separated from all that by the passage of time, but we can no longer fully grasp the suffering that took place there due to lack of primary historical sources.

00:13:53: Limburgitzel was a sought-after goal – it's was the jewel in the crown of the realm well situated on long distance trade routes such as roads and rivers between the Rhineland and Welfie Flanders Bayer now been severely devastated by the protracted conflict.

00:14:14: If a decisive outcome to this conflict were not reached here soon, there would be nothing left for Victor to gain in Limburg but scorched earth.

00:14:24: This too forced both sides to realize that they had tried their hand at direct clash after all!

00:14:32: Then there is a topography of the terrain – we'll come back the Füllinger plain, offered plenty of flat land close to the Rhine River.

00:14:45: For both sides this meant that mounted troops could operate effectively here.

00:14:51: had either side perceived a disadvantage for himself The battle would not have been accepted by that site.

00:14:58: it was therefore clear Both sides thought this battleground is good.

00:15:03: A field battle will take place today.

00:15:05: Both sides formed up adopting exactly same formation as other as this was the standard formation at the end of the thirteenth century.

00:15:14: You'll need a bit of spatial imagination here.

00:15:18: Armies didn't simply line up as solid blocks but in three wings, or center wing and right and left-wing.

00:15:26: just imagine three rectangles.

00:15:28: side by side.

00:15:30: each of these wings were staggered to back towards rear into total of three sections.

00:15:37: that gives us a grid of rectangles with three times three from each wing.

00:15:42: Initially only the first section, where the center rider left engaged the enemy behind them.

00:15:48: The second and third sections had their positions ready to absorb any enemy breakthroughs through Their own first section or even intervene as reinforcements during course Of battle or indeed to relieve That is take over form the First Section one row further back.

00:16:07: This meant that at the start of this battle, as many as two-thirds of the deployed troops were not actively taking part in a battle at all –at least in theory– who is deployed on which side and how?

00:16:21: This is extremely interesting!

00:16:22: Usually The Commander Of The Army Is positioned with his troops On the center wing.

00:16:28: That allows him to issue orders To both Right And Left Wings Simultaneously.

00:16:34: The Duke of Brabant, John I does that.

00:16:37: He stands in the center alongside the Limburg nobles who are on his side in this war obsession.

00:16:43: For the opposing side too has Limburg allies at its own ranks.

00:16:48: On the right wing of braband stand a troops of Count Lodz and the count of Eulich.

00:16:53: Their letter had only just switched sides to Brabante At their very last moment.

00:16:58: His same applies to the citizens of Cologne.

00:17:01: They serve as foot soldiers mainly on the left wing, alongside contingents from the county of Berg and Mark.

00:17:08: And some patricians are on horseback around sixty.

00:17:12: Since this is still a podcast about Cologne despite wider regional implications let's focus more in the Cologne contingent here.

00:17:20: Historical research suggests that one thousand five hundred Cologne residents took part.

00:17:28: That's a great many Cologne residents who risk their lives there.

00:17:33: The baggish peasants, effectively the ancestors of the people of Düsseldorf numbered around five hundred men.

00:17:39: and now my friends –the obvious point which I simply must address here– People from Cologne & future Düsseldov were fighting side by side not just on this same site but even right next to each other.

00:17:53: This is said be where famous rivalry between two Rhineland cities began.

00:17:58: But I don't believe that, however.

00:18:00: Now you might think the people of Cologne were assigned a key role before battle given they had so spectacularly side with Brabant and betrayed their own Archbishop and City Lord Siegfried von Westerbock.

00:18:11: but no!

00:18:11: They actually intended to play very passive roles during this battle.

00:18:15: On the Füllinger Heide, the Föllinger Plain stand between the Rhine River and the Santa Wing thus protecting brabant's main force from one sight.

00:18:25: The role assigned for them is purely defensive.

00:18:27: to hold their position, be defensive and let Brabant take the center.

00:18:33: But perhaps you're familiar with this saying any battle plan is only good until the first shot is fired or in this case the First Crossbow Mold because for ordinary foot soldiers the Cologne Militias were really well equipped.

00:18:47: Jan van Heel reports that they all were kitted out chainmail.

00:18:51: I know there are few medieval enthusiasts listening here no offense intended but i It's easy to put your foot in it when comes to terminology.

00:19:01: Still, I think everyone knows what chainmail is – hundreds of small iron rings woven together to provide protection!

00:19:09: It wasn't always cheap — the welfare citizens could afford it out their own pockets.

00:19:14: The vast majority would not have been able do so but they received equipment at city expense.

00:19:21: In the event of war, this city collectively stored its own weapons and armor in a storeroom – an armory.

00:19:27: I mean it's no wonder their city had these when you think about all conflicts that have taken place over the last few decades alone!

00:19:35: And yes on the subject of crossbows many cologne residents owned crossbows as close combat weapon.

00:19:43: everyone carried a pike.

00:19:44: those who could afford it also carry sword.

00:19:48: Sixty Cologne patricians that is members of the noble families, were mounted and armoured like knights.

00:19:55: One of them was Gerhard Oberstolzen – we'll come back to him later!

00:20:00: With their equipment and constant training they received through tournaments the Cologne patricians would certainly match for the Noble Knights on opposing sides.

00:20:10: Right….

00:20:11: That's what the Burban line-up was about.

00:20:12: let us move onto the opposing side.

00:20:23: Didn't I mention earlier positions himself on the center wing.

00:20:30: Usually yes, but Archbishop Siegfried von Westerburg chose a different approach – he took up position in his right-wing with forces including Westphalian and Drainish Vassels from the archbishopric of Cologne… And thus found himself directly opposite to fighters from the city of Cologne, technically his subjects who had betrayed him!

00:20:48: The real reason was that the Luxembourgers did not want to fight against Burgess troops as the two noble houses were related, how extremely polite and civilized.

00:21:00: Even though he was positioned on an out-of-flank The Akbashu of Kolon made it clear that He saw himself at center.

00:21:07: his army well guarded led a large standard bearish cart into battle On It.

00:21:13: His coat of arms flew from flak ball.

00:21:15: The coat of Arms Of the Akbasha Big of Kolona set A black cross on white background.

00:21:21: You really must picture this Standard bear a card just like the floats you see in carnival parades these days.

00:21:28: A small granulated wooden castle had been built on a cart from which some of the archbishop's men-at-arms also served, I'll put a picture of it at my homepage TheHistoryOfColonel.com.

00:21:40: In his center wing stood the Luxembourg's.

00:21:42: that noble family butchered only recently purchased their rights due to the Duchy Of Limburg From Gaeldian.

00:21:48: Also related with the extinct house of Limburg Limburg nobles fought alongside the troops here too.

00:21:54: This would mean that Limburgers were facing each other as enemies on both sides.

00:21:58: in the center, it was seen particularly at fighting between the Limburgs was to especially fierce.

00:22:05: The left wing consisted of the Count of Geldern and his vessels who had sold his former claim to a duchy from Limburg to Luxembourg.

00:22:14: So…the formation is in place.

00:22:16: It's eleven o'clock in morning And battle begins.

00:22:19: The right wing of Archbishop of Cologne makes the first move, advancing against units from the city of Cologne and Bergesch.

00:22:29: Several roads crisscrossed the battlefields.

00:22:32: among them is the Roman road linking Cologne with Neus.

00:22:36: From a hill today's Blumenberg ,the archbishop has clear view on the Cologne infantry and spots weak points in his enemies ranks before him.

00:22:45: If he manages to put the left wing right at start, the archbishop could immediately turn towards the center and attack the Duke of Brabant by flanking him directly from his side.

00:22:55: The battle would in effect be won!

00:22:58: So the Archbishop sets off northwards with his knights – In doing so they cross a road linking Füllingen to Waringen, a local road.

00:23:06: For whatever reason the formation of the archbishops nightly army falls apart as Nevertheless, they continue at a trot.

00:23:15: Yes, as I said it's not like in the films where men and horses exhaust themselves completely during the charge riding one kilometer or more.

00:23:24: only when the enemy is just fifty meters away does the archbishop order them to gallop?

00:23:30: And this terrifying onslaught of horses and armored knights crashes down upon the peasants.

00:23:37: foot soldiers from Cologne Bear in mind that the Akrishov Cologne already has around a thousand knights of his own.

00:23:46: Against them, the roughly one-thousand five hundred cologne foot soldiers and five hundred farmers from Berg stand virtually no chance against their charge.

00:23:57: They suffer heavy losses and flee the battlefields northwards right form the start.

00:24:02: really they flee.

00:24:04: Well I can't blame the cologne footsorges!

00:24:06: I wouldn't fancy being slaughtered like this either.

00:24:10: Now you might think the archbishop would mercilessly chase after them with his knights to kill every last soldier like he do in medieval total war, but that wouldn't be technically wise as it is maybe a computer game.

00:24:24: For deeper, The Archbishop's army penetrates into this space occupied by enemies' outnumbered left wing and the greater risk that Siegfried von Westerburg will flank from side that you griff Brabant.

00:24:41: So the Archbishop of Cologne gives up their chase and does what he had intended all along, here probably stops a charge and swings his forces to the left now to strike directly at the heart in the center of the brabant army.

00:24:57: but we must consider this again.

00:25:00: they are on horseback.

00:25:05: horses are fast large Turning ninety degrees to the left with a thousand knights.

00:25:11: Just like that is not so easy.

00:25:13: So as a result, The archbishop's Knights riding in close formation as advance collide With their own allies the Luxembourg Knights In the middle who were also just setting out To attack the enemy center.

00:25:26: and As strong and dangerous as a single knight already Is?

00:25:29: This same principle applies here.

00:25:30: only information is one Strong an effective as a Knight get.

00:25:35: the formations now come incomplete.

00:25:37: his array on the side of the archbishop and the Luxemburgers in the center.

00:25:41: Only their sheer numerical superiority over Brabant is preventing defeat here!

00:25:47: So now it's twelve o'clock, And the main part of battle has taken place at the center.

00:25:53: The braban forces under Duke John I are maintaining their formation with discipline.

00:25:58: only this way can they withstand superior numbers Luxembourgers and the Archbishop of Cologne, who are charging at them in completely disarray.

00:26:10: The right-wing of the Brevant allies consisting of troops from Lodz & Eulys succeeds.

00:26:15: where their left wing made up men from Cologne's back peasants had previously failed – they hold a line thereby covering the flank break ranks and leave the battlefield, because they don't want to die.

00:26:41: They prefer rather to loot the Burban's now empty military camp further north in peace while the battle is still raging.

00:26:51: This lack of discipline naturally puts the Archbishop Cologne side at a disadvantage.

00:26:56: there Duke John I also recognizes this, and despite being outnumbered on the central wing sees an opportunity for counter-attack.

00:27:05: Yet these two proceed rather sluggishly.

00:27:09: so by midday The battle is now at a stalemate At one thirty p.m.

00:27:17: Even though i'd like to debunk all of the cliches of medieval battles as seen in films or television All that time here A truly clichéd scene does not unfold.

00:27:28: Henry, Count of Luxembourg who is determined to secure the Duchy of Limburg through this battle catches sight of John Duke of Brabant and just like in an action film or by it's not too far out a few setbacks as the path was blocked via battling knights that corpses.

00:27:47: The Luxembourg count makes his way towards the Brabante duke.

00:27:54: they even take off their helmets And their swords and the lances.

00:27:59: The two of them simply... You have to believe that!

00:28:04: They both engage in a classic one-on-one duel, just like on the school playground back then.

00:28:09: so they punch each other with bare fists.

00:28:13: Both begin to grapple and beat eachother up.

00:28:15: Mind you this is whilst a battle involving some twelve thousand people is raging all around them With people risking or even losing their lives In power struggle or the other of their two combatants.

00:28:30: But the wrestling match does not last very long, there is no clear winner and general chaos of battle separates to two.

00:28:37: once again The battle rages on.

00:28:38: There's not only a loss in human life.

00:28:41: that is tragic.

00:28:42: Some knights lose one-or-two horses into space for few hours underneath the body.

00:28:48: Financially the combatants have no qualms whatsoever about stabbing animals In the hope they ride on top will die at fall.

00:28:56: The Count of Luxembourg alone loses his first horse when the Duke of Brabant's brother strikes it on head with a mace.

00:29:04: Although he survives for remainder, it is so badly injured that it will eventually die.

00:29:11: Duke George Brabante also loses two horses during fighting.

00:29:16: The importance of banners in maintaining morale and order in battles demonstrated here.

00:29:24: When the black banner bearing a golden line falls to ground, the troops assume that their duke, Joff Brabant has fallen.

00:29:32: Only at this very last moment is a mass rout averted as one of the Duke's men picks up his banner and holds it aloft once more for all see everything is fine.

00:29:44: let us continue murdering each other.

00:29:47: Do you remember when I said among nobility one does not actually kill another impetal?

00:29:53: In the chaos caused by Archbishop Siegfried's manoeuvre at the beginning in which he swung his right wing into center, this no longer applied.

00:30:02: Count Henry of Luxembourg once again attempted to force a duel with Duke John I of Proband as it did before.

00:30:10: The latter however retorted some trash talking calling the Luxemburger a coward and then the tide turned slowly.

00:30:18: The brother of the Count of Luxembourg, Varum of Luxenburg-Ligny fell dead from his horse suddenly.

00:30:24: This in turn sent Henry of Luxeberg and his knights into a rage as they sought to avenge his brothers death.

00:30:33: Things went horribly wrong!

00:30:34: The count of Luxonburg's half-brother who –as it happened was also called Henry–was killed now too so two Luxemburg nobles died.

00:30:45: He was the standard bearer, this brother also called Henry for a Luxembourg coat of arms.

00:30:53: The red double-tailed lion fell to ground and with it the morale of the Luxembourgh knights.

00:30:59: Horrified but not discouraged Count Henry of Luxemburg charged towards the Duke of Brabant to revenge his two brothers But he would not reach its target.

00:31:10: Blinded by rage, he failed to notice that a brabant knight was behind him.

00:31:14: The knight plunged his sword into the Luxembourgers' back and as I said it really wasn't a bloody nightmare for even their body can be recovered later

00:31:23: on.".

00:31:24: The body of Duke of the Counts literally trampled beyond recognition beneath the hooves and with the death of the four brothers, an entire generation of male Luxemburgers died out at that point.

00:31:48: Had they not already had children?

00:31:51: The Luxembourgers who was great heyday in the fourteenth century were still to come would have died out north of Cologne!

00:31:58: At this time the son of the fallen kind of Luxemborg Henry was a child of around ten years.

00:32:03: he would later become even emperor of the Holy Roman Empire as Henry the seventh, so a never harrier.

00:32:10: Why do they always give each other that same name?

00:32:21: So far we haven't learned little about the Brabant wide ring or rather left wing of the Archbishop's forces Here.

00:32:29: the troops on Jullich and Lodz at the braban side faced the army of the Count of Geldan in the archbishop site.

00:32:35: Yet something strange happened here too.

00:32:37: as I said Part of the Galan army had absolutely no desire to fight, they broke away from rest of their left wing and having bypassed a battlefield attempted unsuccessfully further north to plunder the Brabant camp.

00:32:50: As result there were absent from actual fighting.

00:32:54: Despite the depths of the Luxembourg Commanders ,the battle of Worringen continued unabated into afternoon in the center.

00:33:01: Archbishop Siegfried von Westerberg continued to fight against the bravant knights .

00:33:05: The fact that he was an archbishop was at that moment quite inconceivable to us as modern observers.

00:33:13: As a nobleman, well versed in mounted combat, Siegfried also took an active part of the killing.

00:33:19: As the Brabant right wing is under control now following the partial withdrawal from the Galdas army forces under the Duke of Brabants' brother are withdrawn and deployed on their left flank.

00:33:32: to press the archbishop had previously seemed impossible, they managed to put significant sections of the archbishop's army into flight.

00:33:44: And now comes another moment straight off an action film with a cliché!

00:33:49: Do you remember how earlier at the beginning on the left flank of the Burban side the peasants from Cologne and the Count of Berg initially fled after being first to come under attack?

00:34:04: Unfortunately, Jan van Hielu's account tells us nothing of what they actually did between eleven thirty and now in the late afternoon.

00:34:12: But they probably fought their way north to their own camp regrouped briefly, tended to their wounds and freshen up... ...and are returning at three p.m.. To the left flank.

00:34:24: that was previously their sport anyway.

00:34:29: And united?

00:34:30: They strike on rear of the Arkbishop army!

00:34:34: Just to recap, at the start of a battle the archbishop had completely overrun his enemies left wing putting them on flight and then focused solely on their center.

00:34:43: That came back to haunt him.

00:34:44: now however strong knights may be on horseback if they are attacked from behind with no room for maneuver things don't look so good.

00:34:54: The Archbishops Knights deprived of their offensive power and mobility by General Melly, the mountains of corpses on a battlefield are absolutely livid about losses they suffered that morning.

00:35:10: They couldn't care less about this chivalric honor or hacking to pieces.

00:35:14: everything gets in there way.

00:35:16: so they're not taking prisoners as it was custom normally.

00:35:22: The initial disadvantage being foot soldiers has now been completely negated by the circumstances just described.

00:35:30: Anyone sitting on a horse is pulled down and

00:35:33: killed.".

00:35:35: The citizens of Cologne are busy helping the Berg peasants in their killing spree, and oh people, war's really bad!

00:35:44: Here we come to another tragic figure... None of the military commanders on the Brabant side loses his life that day… Whereas on the archbishop's side, as we already learned an entire generation of Meilachsenburgers perishes.

00:36:02: But on Brabant's site at end of battle there is one exception Cologne –the city- Is now able to inflict its own Archbishop The unwelcome Lord Of The City.

00:36:13: That defeat needed once and for all To finally rest the city from his grasp.

00:36:19: He And His sixty fellow patricians From the city decide to join the Cologne militias on foot.

00:36:25: Gerhard Oberstolz is lead of the patricians, whilst the monk Walter Dodde incites the Bergish peasants fight it as Gerhard Overshtolz who does same in the Colognes side.

00:36:37: He….

00:36:40: Gerhard!

00:36:41: The son of Matthias Oberstoltz – who was killed exactly twenty years earlier at the Battle of Ulreforde sees his historic moment has arrived.

00:36:51: he will be the one liberating Cologne from the archbishop.

00:36:54: He dismounts from his horse and together with the peasants from Berg, and men of Cologne... ...he charges on foot The Archbishop's knights who trapped in a thick of the battle stand no chance.

00:37:08: But before even reaches first enemy Before you can make his first blow with whatever he has Maze or sword Gerhard Oberstolz collapses to the ground, being dead.

00:37:23: According to his Stoikers sources he's knight armor was too heavy for fighting on foot that is without a horse and the patrician therefore died probably of a heart attack.

00:37:35: And so Gerard Oberstoltzen dies shortly before the greatest military victory ever achieved by the citizens of Cologne Without any enemy intervention.

00:37:45: Of course This doesn't alter the outcome of their victory in any way.

00:37:49: It is tragic, still.

00:37:53: Cologne and Berg peasants fought their way right up to a large colorful flag cart which stood out as center on the Arkbishop's side.

00:38:05: The arkbishop s black-and-white flag was torn down with that.

00:38:09: for everybody see it came around five o'clock this afternoon.

00:38:16: Literally visible sign to everyone that the archbishop's side had lost.

00:38:21: A few vassals of the Archbishop continued to fight for a few minutes, but were then quickly overpowered and taken prisoner.

00:38:28: This was also the case with the Count of Gelden who initially tried to escape without his warhorse And his Tabards which would have given him away because of his coat-of arms.

00:38:40: However he was recognized whilst attempting to do so and take in prisoner by Brabant speaking of being taken prisoner.

00:38:48: Archbishop Siegfried von Westerburg had fought hardly in the battle, after all.

00:38:52: he was a noble berth and now invoked customs to the nobility in battle .

00:38:57: In The Thick Of The Battle He Signaled That He Was Giving Up or to put it more acutely Surrendering.

00:39:04: He did so within the earshot of Duke of Brabant's brother who is fighting the archbishop of Cologne here.

00:39:12: Siegfried von Westerburg was then taken prisoner, but was immediately handed over to the Count of Berg who was in fact a vessel for the Church Of Cologne.

00:39:22: So… The battle... ...of Worringen had lasted six hours!

00:39:28: Its length speaks to its ferocity with which it was fought.

00:39:34: Brabant and his allies including the city of Cologne had won – yet this wasn't as glorious victory that is often said media in Cologne.

00:39:45: Far too many had fallen on both sides for that, just remember at the beginning of their battle alone many cologne citizens died.

00:39:53: The victors shamelessly exploited this situation still.

00:39:56: All bodies were stripped and left naked on a battlefield.

00:39:59: It made no difference whether they were foot soldiers or knights Or even enemies or allies.

00:40:04: When following morning priests and grave diggers sought to bury the bodies They could only do so in mass graves as dead were no longer identifiable because they were really naked, stripped naked.

00:40:17: Everything was stolen from them!

00:40:20: So ladies and gentlemen dear people of course we will still need to discuss the consequence of this battle both the immediate and long term ones as well.

00:40:32: some analysis but i'll do that in a future episode ok?

00:40:37: I think it's quite a lot for me to take in despite my brutality academic point of view that we've now actually moved on in the chronology past The Battle Of Warringen, because it took us so long to get through this battle and is such a key moment in Cologne's history.

00:40:57: But let's leave it at that for today... ...the literature I used for this episode included Vera Torunskis, Die Schlacht von Warringern.

00:41:08: So The Battle of Warringer And Ulrich Lenhardt – The Battle.

00:41:16: Thank you very much for listening.

00:41:18: I am exhausted.

00:41:19: as you might have noticed the heat is killing me, i'm going to drink a few buckets of water.

00:41:25: now.

00:41:26: take care recommend my podcast and auf Wiedersehen!