00:00:00: Little Maria could hardly believe it, yet she heard.

00:00:03: clearly the noise heralded the return of those coming back from battle.

00:00:07: A jumble of countless voices, a name for horses and even music!

00:00:12: It was already evening on fifth June twelve eighty-eight, but no one in Cologne was asleep.

00:00:18: The Eigelstein Gate, Cologne's northern city gate still stood wide open lined with hundreds of residents.

00:00:25: Maria pushed away to front of the jubilant crowd of onlookers.

00:00:29: And then Maria finally saw him, her father.

00:00:32: Tired, wounded but alive and it seemed still in good health.

00:00:37: He was just passing through the Eigelsteingate basking In the cheers of the crowd.

00:00:42: Maria slipped though the crowd and ran towards Her Father.

00:00:46: Surprised at first But then over George he took his child in His arms and hoisted her onto his shoulder.

00:00:53: Look said her father we've brought back a little souvenir.

00:00:58: Only now that Maria realized what this souvenir was.

00:01:01: It was rumbling through the city gate behind them.

00:01:04: First glance it looked like a wooden cart or perhaps, A small knight's castle?

00:01:10: Both were true.

00:01:11: Built on two axels The card had wooden battlements erected On top of it Just Like a Knight's Castle!

00:01:18: The Battlements, like the card itself Were painted bright red There where several coats Of arms on sides Effectively in walls a black cross on her white background.

00:01:30: Maria recognized this coat of arms, she knew exactly who it belonged to – the Arkbishop of Cologne.

00:01:36: Siegfried von Westerburg?

00:01:38: The city's enemy…who had been defeated and taken prisoner that very day!

00:01:43: Maria's father thought for a moment then simply went ahead did so.

00:01:48: He took his little daughter under his arm lifted up and set her down in middle of the ark.

00:01:53: bishops captured standard bearing car.

00:01:56: Maria and her father lived south of the Heulmarktsquare.

00:02:00: The cart was a welcome means-of-trans.

00:02:02: before they journeyed to the Altamarkt, Maria looked down at the ground.

00:02:07: Inside the cart lay the archbishop's enormous toned-down standard – this too bore black cross on white background when battle won that fifth June of twelve eighty eight.

00:02:18: From the cart Maria had good view of Eigelstein district.

00:02:22: so what do you mean?

00:02:24: Should we accompany

00:02:25: them?".

00:02:25: Let's do it.

00:02:27: On her journey through Cologne around the year thirteen hundred on The Archbishop's banner card, I would love that!

00:02:34: Straight after the intro... Cologne Around the Year Thirteen Hundred.

00:02:47: What a sight must have been…the largest city of the German Middle Ages countless church spires and watchtowers on the stone houses of the worthy residents.

00:02:56: Most travelers of that era would have reached Cologne by boat, ship or gazed in wonder at this skyline complete with city walls.

00:03:05: The walled area now covered four hundred hectares – the Landward Wall was eight kilometers long and featured twelve city gates and fifty-two defensive towers.

00:03:14: a truly imposing fortification!

00:03:17: And with city of Cologne that is over two thousand years old but until became what it's today this all-city on the Rhine has endured a colorful and rich past.

00:03:28: hence, can therefore be seen as a microcosm of European history.

00:03:32: In this podcast you can listen as the city grows from the Romans up until our present time.

00:03:38: Dear listeners!

00:03:39: As you might have noticed I took a short break or longer In summer, well this time it was late-summer slash early fall.

00:03:51: But now I'm happy to be back!

00:04:11: History.

00:04:16: Not colonial history, but German history!

00:04:18: You might know the podcast History of The Germans my dear friend Dirk whom I was happy to meet in August twenty-twenty six so not very long ago when he was visiting Cologne on a boat with a few of his fans and followers And i gave them a city tour throughout the day.

00:04:38: He is now publishing season of his podcast The History Of The Germans, especially a very changing era.

00:04:51: So to speak the Reformation with Martin Luther and so on.

00:04:56: it will affect Cologne as well pretty strongly even though Cologne remains Catholic but... ...the challenges in fighting still occur here aswell.

00:05:06: But we are not there yet!

00:05:08: Dirk is now there Without further ado, he has a little message for

00:05:16: you.

00:05:30: Finally something's happening.

00:05:31: Some mad monk is about to blow up the whole of late medieval society, opens everybody's minds and set father against son brother against brother all in a name of religion.

00:05:41: Time to sign-up!

00:05:42: New season starts.

00:05:43: September three.

00:05:44: The Reformation Is Coming.

00:05:47: So as you now heard... ...the season has already out.

00:05:50: Go listen to History Of The Germans by Dirk And I hope see again next year Dirk In Cologne.

00:05:58: Well let's return to Maria.

00:06:00: She had climbed onto the standards barricade of the Archbishop of Cologne at Eigelstein Gate and was now riding through the city in a triumphal procession towards the Altarmarkt Square.

00:06:11: On street of the same name, which gave the Eigelsstein district its names, rows of houses stood close together.

00:06:17: The street whose origins dated back to Roman times as military road for legionaries on their way along the Rhine to Noyes ran into north-south direction From the windows and at the roadside people cheered a captured standard bearer's cart.

00:06:32: Beyond that however, The neighborhood was predominantly agricultural.

00:06:36: You have to imagine if you were to walk down Dagobertstraße street under Unterkranenbäum Street or even in Stavenhofstreet?

00:06:45: He would see nothing but garden plots.

00:06:47: as far As I could See this Was where the neighborhoods residents grew their own vegetables among other things.

00:06:55: there was no north south road or with I mean oh this is a six lane street for people who don't know.

00:07:02: uh cologne, with cars chasing through it day and night.

00:07:08: Or... There was no railway embankment as they are today in the area.

00:07:13: The area was mainly fields and farmlands inside city walls.

00:07:18: When Maria looked to her left down a street leading down to the Rhine she sees the Maccabeean convent.

00:07:25: The convent now over a hundred years old was run by nuns of the Benedictine Order.

00:07:30: Alongside the Convent Church, residential and farm buildings could also be seen here.

00:07:35: Almost right next to the Rhine, feathered on the road Maria would even see the spires of Cunybeth's church too which the Benedictin convent legally subordinates.

00:07:46: This rural character is typical in this northern part.

00:07:51: This area was called Niederich, which we now refer to as the Eigelstein, Ursula and Cuny-Bett districts.

00:07:58: Originally developed as a northern suburb of Cologne it was incorporated into this city in two major stages during the twelfth century and enclosed by Medieval City walls.

00:08:08: However The area retains its suburban character well into the twentieth century.

00:08:13: It's hard believe today if you were to walk past here.

00:08:18: Another typical feature of the roads leading out towards city gates, is the presence of breweries.

00:08:24: Anyone travelling to or from Cologne would certainly have wanted fortify themselves before after a long journey and wet their whistle!

00:08:33: From this period we know for example of a brewery called Zum Leisten which stood as building at what now house number thirty-nine forty one at Eigelstein street until demolition in sixteen eighty four.

00:08:48: Of course, there must have been far more breweries here.

00:08:52: The flag-bearing cart the archbishop brought on towards the south heading for the city centre.

00:08:58: At next junction Maria looked to her right down the street.

00:09:02: He stood at the convent church of St Ursula.

00:09:05: The venerable Church was home around forty noble canonises who brought all their wealth along with servants through this area.

00:09:15: As if that were not enough, the convent itself had over time been endowed with numerous estates.

00:09:21: An organization whose wealth extended far beyond the Rhineland and right next to St Ursula's.

00:09:28: The carriage rumbled on towards the city center.

00:09:30: It made slow progress along the narrow street which was lined people eager to see and celebrate those returning home.

00:09:38: Maria And a flag-bearing carriage had just passed the Dominican Monastery, where Alberto's Magnus has been laid to rest in twelve eighty.

00:09:46: Maria was too young to have known Alberto's magnus yet she heard how highly respected the monk is.

00:09:54: Alberto's who devoted himself to the sciences proved that he could be a particularly capable diplomat for Cologne.

00:10:02: but Maria was no longer staring at the Dominican monastery let alone the neighboring monastery church of St Andrew.

00:10:08: her eyes were fixed on the spot that many tourists also use on TikTok in the twenty-first century.

00:10:15: Directly nowadays, in front of a fast food restaurant originating from the United States with yellow letters at the junction of Marzenstrasse and Trankasser Street which is now largely car free.

00:10:29: it was from this very spot that Maria too – many centuries earlier had gazed upon the vast building site of Cologne Cathedral.

00:10:38: In her day it was known in contemporary German as the Drankgassen, meaning drinking street.

00:10:49: Where did that name come from?

00:11:08: Trankgasse drinking alley because this was precisely where the draught animals were fed and so had water.

00:11:16: Among other things, logically however as the cart passed a cathedral building site there will no ox network.

00:11:23: As it was already evening The animals have finished for today On trancasse itself whether Dom hotel So the Cathedral Hotel at Deichmannhaus stand to day there used to be large mansions and inns with spacious courtyards.

00:11:39: Many of the high-ranking members of the Cologne Cathedral chapter also had their grand houses here, foremost among these was the Dompobstai which was at this pose of the respective head of the cologne cathedral chapter.

00:11:59: so it Maria can picture the surviving western section of the old Carolingian Cologne Cathedral passing before her eyes.

00:12:10: Remember, in twelve forty-eight only half of their previous building from the ninth century had been demolished.

00:12:16: after all functioning cathedral was still needed to guide pilgrims through the shrine of three kings.

00:12:23: while rest of the cathedral being built.

00:12:26: The Old Cathedral has already been imposing Even now, with its truncated western remnant which had been preserved so that the relics of The Three Kings could continue to be visited by the streams of pilgrims.

00:12:38: it remained so.

00:12:39: Yet even from behind it Maria could already sense the splendor the new cathedral would one day possesses.

00:12:47: In some places the choir in the eastern part of the Cathedral has reached their eventual height of forty three meters.

00:12:54: Maria sighed softly.

00:12:57: What a pity she wouldn't live to see the building's completion.

00:13:01: Like so many generations before and after her, she would never get.

00:13:23: What Maria would, however, witness during her lifetime was the demolition of their last remaining section in the old Carolingian Cologne Cathedral.

00:13:31: By thirteen twenty-two The Gothic Choir –the eastern part today's Cologne cathedral– had already been completed.

00:13:38: From then on the streams of pilgrims would be guided around In a semi circle as it is still the case Today.

00:13:46: This meant that the remaining part of Cologne Coffields predecessor building Had lost its reason to exist.

00:13:54: After XIII-XII, the rest of the old cathedral was demolished after a history over five hundred years.

00:14:02: Unlike today we cannot drive across today's Dornplatte or Cathedral Square – it did not exist until the twentieth century!

00:14:10: The area around the half finished cathedral is still densely built up with residential houses, chapels and parish churches.

00:14:25: Together with Maria and the archbishop captured card, we leave the cathedral behind us and continue southwards.

00:14:32: We reach this street known as Unter Fettenhennen in English.

00:14:36: below Fat Hands or fat chickens The cart rattles through an archway that forms part of a building – the Cathedral Deenery.

00:14:46: I wonder if Maria realized she had actually just driven though the old Roman city north gate.

00:14:52: Parts of the Roman city-northgate remained standing while into the nineteenth century, forming a single structure with the Cathedral Deenery.

00:15:00: The cathedral dean lived here.

00:15:02: Long said to Provost that the Cathedral Dean was one of two leading figures in the Cologne Cathedral Chapter.

00:15:08: Incidentally –the Cologne cathedral chapter is still organized exactly this way today Whilst the Provost is the Chair and Head of the Cathedral Chapter, and is responsible for administration staffs and properties owned by the cannons of Cologne Cathedral.

00:15:23: The cathedral dean as a Deputy isn't trusted with duties relating to the spiritual or religious aspects of the cathedral.

00:15:30: he ensures that church services run smoothly and coordinates internal procedures.

00:15:36: in a sense this is both theory of mind.

00:15:38: the provost is the CEO and the Dean is the COO.

00:15:44: What Maria didn't know was that the gate she had just driven through, was commonly known as The Pfaffenvorter.

00:15:51: According to legend two cannons were once hanged here after they had un-successfully attempted to assassinate a mayor of Cologne named Grünn and did so using Alain.

00:16:04: Don't ask me why they got Alain!

00:16:06: But their battle hardened Mayor managed kill Alain with its cloak in one hand.

00:16:11: The assassination attempt had failed, so as a consequence the two cannons were hanged at this gate right next to the cathedral.

00:16:20: As warning not to oppose the city's

00:16:23: elite.".

00:16:24: The street known as Unter Fettenhänden, below Fat Chickens is also a Roman road running from north to south.

00:16:50: It's not know whether the street was already called that in early thirteen hundred but it clear they name appeared in historical sources from fourteen seventy-eight onwards.

00:17:01: However the streets namesake existed even before this.

00:17:11: Presumably the house, which would now have the number seven if it was still standing had some sort of sign or small figure depicting a fat hen on its facade.

00:17:20: How did that become so fat?

00:17:22: Well next to Number Seven stood a bakery selling baked goods.

00:17:26: It was quite common keep farm animals and backyards right in the middle town So chickens were probably running about here too And it's quite possible from time-to-time a chicken would escape onto the street and gorge itself on the breadcrumbs or baked goods here.

00:17:43: And truly became fat!

00:17:45: It's just one theory as to how this street got its name, but I personally like that explanation.

00:17:51: The carriage now leaves Unter Fettenhenn and turns into Hohestrasse which joins it directly – the High Street.

00:17:59: At the junction separating two streets Maria looks eastwards down towards the Rhine.

00:18:05: There in distance Maria sees the large, magnificent palace of the Archbishop of Cologne which stretches narrowly along the street Amhof towards the banks of the Rhine and once marked a southern boundary on the Cathedral grounds that were still enclosed at this time.

00:18:22: The Palace was originally built in mid-twelfth century by powerful archbishop Reinhard von Dassel – the right hand man of Emperor Barbarossa who brought the relics to Cologne.

00:18:34: The three-story elongated Romanesque building was now over a hundred years old, and would from then on gradually slip into a fairy tale slumber from which it never would awaken.

00:18:44: In sixteen forty seven so several centuries later the building that had fallen to state of complete disrepair was finally demolished.

00:18:54: for most its nearly five hundred year existence has therefore hardly been used at all.

00:19:00: Why?

00:19:00: Well Around thirteen hundred, the situation is clear.

00:19:04: Foreraying the Battle of Warringen – The Archbishop was no longer… Would he welcome in Cologne?

00:19:09: But this would not remain the case forever, of course!

00:19:12: The archbishops later on never truly relinquished their claim to Cologne as their principal residence and as lord's city until seventeen ninety-four.

00:19:28: They simply could no longer exercise this claim.

00:19:32: The archbishop's of Cologne were, however apparently permitted to visit their own city and even reside there from time-to-time.

00:19:39: It seems though that life in Trankersstreet which we already have passed was more comfortable where the Deichmannhaus now stands by the main railway station?

00:19:49: The Archbishops prefer to reside In a so called Kölnerhof Cologne Hotel peak or to translate it so.

00:19:59: As space within the walled city was always at a premium, whether for agricultural land or buildings – the City of Cologne made rather inventive use of the now lost place area until the palace was demolished.

00:20:15: Cologne merchants attached their market stalls to the outer wall.

00:20:19: later they even built permanent houses with flats attached and sold their wares in the shadow.

00:20:24: The area around the palace degenerated into a market district, although the archbishops protested on numerous occasions their complaints were never successful.

00:20:35: The whole scene can also be seen in Arnold Mercato's city map upholstered by the website TheHistoryOfColon.com.

00:20:43: From time to time during the late Middle Ages the Palace was prepared as place of accommodation for kings and emperors.

00:20:52: One such example was Emperor Maxime I in the first, who was romantically referred to as The Last Knight.

00:21:03: Meanwhile, Maria – the flag-bearing carriage and a triumphal procession had arrived on the Hohestrasse Street… And i think i need tell you more about it because this was often featured in the podcast.

00:21:15: but here's a quick refresher... In roman times The Hochstraße Street was known as the Cardo Maximus, the main north-south street.

00:21:25: Where two is now by overpriced fast food – later Roman emperors Trajan Hadrian and Constantine the Great once walked on.

00:21:34: Around thirteen hundred, the Hochstraß had a different name.

00:21:38: Back then it was called Abdem Steinewege up in the Stone Street.

00:21:44: This was because Incidentally, the street was one of a few streets that were completely and continuously paved with stone rather than being made up of compacted earth gravel and sand like all other streets in this city.

00:22:00: The Gryphosent mansion stood here and trade associations and guilds had their meeting houses here.

00:22:07: Here then as now it has always been about money on the street And trade.

00:22:13: But it was striking for a city that described itself as holy at the time, That on this important main street there wasn't single church or monastery to take up valuable building land... ...that could have been used.

00:22:24: make money.

00:22:25: There's just one exception!

00:22:27: The Augustinium Monastery was already quite extensive Later.

00:22:31: Apologies for the leap in Time Martin Luther.

00:22:34: We were talking about Reformation In the intro with Dirks podcastist of the German Yeah, the reformator Martin Luther was to stay here during his visit to Cologne in fifteen twelve.

00:22:46: So we have a connection through Dick's podcast, In this single episode.

00:22:49: isn't that great!

00:22:51: At the time, Martin Luther wasn´t yet reformer but still a devout Catholic Augustinian monk.

00:22:58: The monastery was demolished around eighteen hundred Today at the time of writing and twenty-twenty six.

00:23:04: the site which once covered some six thousand square meters and through the center of which the present-day street Große Sandkalle runs is home to several hotels, an electrical goods shop and a multi-storey car park with supermarket.

00:23:20: As historic as the Hohestrasse ist – whether it's more than two thousand years history has cologne's former north south mainstreet.

00:23:28: very little of that history remains visible today.

00:23:31: The fact that turnover and money have always reigned supreme here I mean this with or judgement, has meant that buildings have been actively demolished and rebuilt.

00:23:43: A little bit like Manhattan.

00:23:44: even though I don't want to compare Cologne's Hochstraße auf Manhattan This is still the case now.

00:23:50: in the twenty-first century Around nineteen hundred Hofstraße took on a character many Cologne residents still wistfully recall.

00:24:00: Historical photographs & postcards show street lined with classical and Wilhelmenian style building reminiscent of Paris or the shopping streets of major cities in northern Italy such as Milano, Bologna.

00:24:13: Some even featured covered shopping arcades.

00:24:15: but we return to that era when then time was right.

00:24:20: Nevertheless a few houses dating from middle ages had managed to survive until nineteen thirty-nine up till the beginning of World War II for example at number one hundred and nine stood the Marsilius house built in twelve fifty three or the house Sumvetahan to the weather rooster, what you call it in English.

00:24:41: You know the rooster on top that calls whatever is going and directs into direction of wind?

00:24:50: I have no idea whats called an english.

00:24:52: It was built in twelve seventy four at House number forty seven Completely destroyed during the Second World War, their priority was to ensure that business and shopping could resume here as quickly.

00:25:26: Hohstraße Street did not yet have the name it bears today.

00:25:30: The names they had were not consistent along its entire length, but varied from section to section and also changed over time.

00:25:37: Some sections were called unter Pfannschläger und Wappensticker an den vier Winden, unter Spormacher oder an der hohen Schmiede.

00:25:45: These names are often descriptive indicating which guild or trade was based here.

00:25:50: with craft of trades like... You know, people who make pants.

00:25:54: People who make coat of arms or even a Smith working here?

00:26:04: What's what's called?

00:26:06: is it the forgery where smith works?

00:26:08: man my English got really bad during the break this summer break.

00:26:14: well work as a good keyword.

00:26:16: that was domain.

00:26:17: focus you.

00:26:18: how else would people have earned living here?

00:26:20: countless bakers blacksmiths Yeah, that's the word blacksmith.

00:26:24: Brewers, tenors, butchers, fishermen, shoemakers, bald makers.

00:26:28: even stow masons and coppersomes were based here in Hohestrasse.

00:26:32: It is true In medieval towns professional groups often concentrated on a single street with their guilds But for some of the professions mentioned it would take until well into late middle ages to become the case in Cologne or there was simply professionals who did not fall under this rule that it had to be organized in a guild.

00:26:53: All of this was reflected here, given the street its mixed commercial character.

00:26:59: It wasn't until eighteen-twelfth that the street was given by which we know today.

00:27:05: as for the wise and wherefores will come into due course Our walk remains commercial nature.

00:27:12: We turn left heading east towards the Rhine River.

00:27:18: The western section is called Großer Bodengasse, the eastern part of this street is called Kleinebodengasse.

00:27:27: Although personally I find that these days streets are almost the same length and width so why it's called Bodengasser?

00:27:37: Well we haven't even got around to discussing how street names worked in medieval towns yet!

00:27:44: disprove the myth that people in their middle ages were all stupid and couldn't read.

00:27:48: Come on, you're smarter than that yourselves!

00:27:51: Back then merchants also had to be able to read or write otherwise they would struggle to run their businesses draw up balance sheets etc.

00:28:00: Nevertheless a majority of population indeed could not read or writes.

00:28:05: That's why street names are based on the senses.

00:28:09: Want to find Drank Gasse?

00:28:11: The drinking alley?

00:28:12: Not difficult just look for where horses are gathered in droves around watering holes.

00:28:18: And it's the same with budengasse!

00:28:20: It is a street full of stalls, that what means Stalls Alley That is small stalls with traders offering their wares for sale.

00:28:29: Well...that was my first thought But I might be wrong.

00:28:34: Researchers have since rejected this explanation.

00:28:37: After all as we already realized there were stalls everywhere in Cologne.

00:28:42: No wonder given that trade was indeed established everywhere, so it couldn't have been a unique selling point for street name.

00:28:49: The streetname probably derives from the old German word butte which refers to tableware – more specifically bowls of food and drink or so-called Daubenschale in german.

00:29:02: Perhaps there is building here with this name?

00:29:04: Or might stem form the words bottengasse.

00:29:10: I have no idea, those other two theories are found in literature.

00:29:15: So i can't tell you much about what used to be on the streets around thirteen hundred but i can tell you what lies beneath this street which like all the streets mentioned so far is of roman origin.

00:29:26: Running Beneath This Street Is The Sewer System Of Roman Colon Which Still Exists To This Day.

00:29:32: In Any Case The road slopes gently downwards here, away from the flood-safe hill that the Romans once chose as their ideal site on which to found Cologne.

00:29:43: To our right lies the northern end of the city's Jewish quarter.

00:29:47: Around thirteen hundred, a situation for Jews in Cologne had deteriorated whilst Jews have been able work as long distance traders and scholars at early middle ages.

00:29:58: they've since been excluded by almost all professions.

00:30:02: As direct subjects of the Arkbishop and being under his protection, they had since detentions in conflicts between a city and an arkbishop been unjustly accused on their side.

00:30:18: The Jews were seen as he was all too keen to regain control.

00:30:27: With the Arkbishop's expulsion from Cologne, this situation for the Jews became even more difficult.

00:30:33: Now they had to pay a protection money not only on the ArkBishop but also to the Cologne City Council that came along and said hey, pay!

00:30:43: I would like you discuss the Jewish Quarter during this period in more detail in separate episodes.

00:30:47: so our flak-bearing carriage revels on and now enters the Altarmarkt Square one of Cologne's central market squares.

00:30:56: We've already discussed this in earlier episodes.

00:31:00: In late antiquity, the area had become suitable for cultivation following the setting up of the tributary of the Rhine River.

00:31:07: Consequently markets' activity has shifted from an ancient forum at the corner of Hursstraße and Schildergasse to a location closer to the Rhines river – the Altamarkt.

00:31:24: as did its predecessor, which can still be seen here on a walk dating from around thirteen hundred.

00:31:30: The assembly hall of the city council and the Richard Secher – the Brotherhood Of The Rich bore witness to their relationship between Christians and Jews in this City that had actually been very pragmatic for long time….

00:31:42: For instance... The main wooden beam off the roof of town Hall's predecessor building rested under an adjoining house at the Jewish Quarter.

00:31:54: of the city council literally lay in the hands of a Jewish household.

00:32:00: Major festivities also took place on the square, nightly tournaments for example.

00:32:05: this was the case as you know in twelve thirty five when the English princess Isabella stopped off or stop by in Cologne from an extended period before traveling onto Mary emperor Frederick II.

00:32:19: here too there were numerous residential and commercial buildings.

00:32:23: All of them bore illustrious names as well.

00:32:26: Animal names in particular.

00:32:27: It is safe to assume that these animals were then depicted on the facades, On signs or even as statues.

00:32:34: so many people can't read.

00:32:36: they can recognize it.

00:32:38: There are houses such numbers one two three called zoom looks.

00:32:43: So the links.

00:32:44: I mean house.

00:32:45: to the links.

00:32:46: there was number fourteen nine to fifty-one that was called Zum Elephanten, so housed to the elephant and number twenty-nine was called to the Papagai uh...to the parrot.

00:32:59: Just a quick note I'm only mentioning the house numbers to help you find your way around in nowadays Cologne medieval cologne.

00:33:07: there were no house numbers.

00:33:08: these didn't appear until around eighteen hundred.

00:33:11: hence this colorful mix of names for the houses in their cities.

00:33:15: So could navigate in thine places.

00:33:19: Here on the Altermarkt square, The captured flag card of the archbishop came to a halt.

00:33:24: It had reached its destination having been captured that afternoon under battlefield near Wochingen by the fighters from the city of Cologne.

00:33:31: Maria looked around for her father who has been walking right alongside the card all time Now.

00:33:38: the fatigue was clearly visible in her father's face.

00:33:41: Nevertheless, as if nothing were amiss he grabbed his little daughter and lifted her down from the cart upon the street.

00:33:49: All they wanted now – father-and-daughter was to get home!

00:33:54: It wasn't far to the Heumacht Square….

00:33:56: They walked along a short street called Unterkäste which then has now linked the Altermarkt square with the Heumeacht square.

00:34:04: Some goods had to be packed for transport just like today.

00:34:08: This is where the box makers came in producing boxes for this very purpose.

00:34:12: That's why it's called Unterkäste, so speed of the box-makers.

00:34:18: and In some cases those Box Makers sold their goods directly from the boxes and chests they had made mainly stockings And trousers.

00:34:28: Yeah funny after just a few steps Maria and her father reached the Heimarkt Square.

00:34:34: Over the past few centuries, this area had been levelled and filled in time again.

00:34:39: The huge market square was lined at edges with houses of merchants and master craftsmen.

00:34:44: It is here on this very square that the Cologne penny was minted A silver coin served as a means for payment far beyond city limits But those days are now super regional currency.

00:34:57: they were surely over Now that the Ark Bishop has been driven out And that is indeed how things were to turn out.

00:35:05: Although the street of those silk weavers bordering the Heimacht square already existed, The guilds composed exclusively women did not yet exist around thirteen hundred.

00:35:15: That would not happen until the fifteenth century.

00:35:19: Well I'd say let's leave them two To it now father and daughter.

00:35:25: It's well into night by after all.

00:35:29: This is how another stroll through Cologne around the year thirteen hundred comes to an end.

00:35:34: If you'd like try a different route next time, just let me know!

00:35:38: Maria Storje and her father's are of course fictional but the fact that the banner card was brought back to cologne – that very evening as part of a triumphal procession is historically documented–the capture The beginning of Cologne as a de facto free imperial city, even though this status wasn't officially granted until two hundred years later.

00:36:06: And so it is a bittersweet irony that the cart was kept in Cologne up till seventeen ninety-four When, now we'll make a big time jump.

00:36:22: when the French Revolutionary Army marched into Cologne without a fight in The destruction of the cart was a vivid metaphor for events unfolding at that same time.

00:36:55: For, with the destruction of this standard bearish card, Cologne's long era as a free and pure city came to an end –an era- that had once begun both the capture of that very

00:37:06: cart.".

00:37:07: As I said, bitter sweet irony!

00:37:11: Thank you all for listening.

00:37:13: thankyouforbeingpatientandlettingmeenjoymylatesommerbreak.

00:37:17: I hope you enjoyed this episode and recommend it further to your friends.

00:37:21: And up until next time, auf Wiedersehen!